By Kim Smiley
America’s 104 commercial nuclear reactors produce about 2,000 metric tons of spent nuclear fuel each year. The United States currently has no long term solution in place to deal with spent nuclear fuel. The end result of this stalemate is that that there is more than 75,000 tons of spent nuclear fuel at 122 temporary sites in 39 states with nowhere to go.
Much of the nation’s spent fuel is currently stored in pools near operating nuclear reactors or near sites where reactors once were. Recent events at the Fukushima nuclear plant in Japan have sparked discussion about the potential safety risk of having so much fuel stored near operating reactors creating a situation where one single event can trigger a larger release of radiation. To make things more complicated, storage pools at US plants are more heavily loaded than the ones at the Fukushima reactors. Additionally, the pools will reach capacity at some point in the not so distant future and the fuel will have to be moved if the US plans to continue operating nuclear reactors.
How did we get in this situation? The problem of no long term solution for spent nuclear fuel can be analyzed by building a Cause Map. A Cause Map is a visual root cause analysis that lays out the causes that contribute to a problem in an intuitive, easy to understand format. Click on “Download PDF” above to view a high level Cause Map of this issue.
Looking at the Cause Map, it’s apparent one of the causes of this problem is that the plan for the Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository was canceled without an alternative plan being created. Yucca Mountain Repository was planned to be a deep geological repository where nuclear waste would be stored indefinitely, shielded and packaged to prevent any release of radiation. The Yucca Mountain Repository was canceled in 2009 for a number of reasons, some technological and some political. Environmentalists and residents near the planned site were very vocal about their opposition to the selection of Yucca Mountain site for the nation’s repository.
A Blue Ribbon Commission of experts appointed by President Obama recently presented their recommendations of how to approach this problem. Their proposal was to develop one or more sites where spent reactor fuel could be stored in above ground steel and concrete structures. These structures could contain fuel for decades, allowing time for a more permanent solution to be developed. These structures would not require any cooling beyond simple circulation of air and they could be stored at locations deemed safe, with the lowest risk of earthquakes and other disasters. Hopefully the recommendations by the commission are the first step to solving this problem and developing a safe long term storage solution to the nation’s nuclear waste.
Your RCA is significantly flawed… You’ve left out the major contributing facts that the operating nuclear plants were originally designed to hold 3 or 4 full reactor cores worth of spent fuel assemblies until Jimmy Carter killed reprocessing and forced the nuclear industry to keep all of its spent fuel in the pools.
Having less spent fuel in the spent fuel pools is definitely safer and would allow the spent fuel assemblies to be spread out, thus reducing the heat load in the spent fuel pools. This alone would greatly reduce the probability of overheating spent fuel in the unlikely events of Japan and the loss of spent fuel pool cooling water.
Therefore, Jimmy Carter caused the chain of events that drove the need for Yucca Mountain and now another democratic President (and democratic Senate Majority Leader) is blocking the fix for what Carter did to the industry.
Further, the NRC and DOE have raised any technical issues with the License Applciation for the Yucca Mountain Repository. The project stoppage has been purely a political decision.
Sorry, that should be: …the NRC and DOE have NOT raised any technical issues with the License Applciation for the Yucca Mountain Repository